DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW BASED ON THE LATEST GUIDELINES

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains one of the most common and serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. As the prevalence of diabetes continues to rise globally, so does the incidence of diabetic retinopathy. Recent guidelines emphasize early detection, timely treatment, and proper management strategies to prevent vision loss and improve outcomes for diabetic patients.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of diabetic retinopathy, its pathophysiology, risk factors, screening recommendations, classification, treatment, and management strategies, based on the latest guidelines from leading organizations such as the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), and the International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO).