MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EWING’S SARCOMA IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
##semicolon##
Key words: Ewings’ sarcoma, bone cancer, pediatric oncology, EWS-FLI1 fusion, chemotherapy##article.abstract##
Ewing's sarcoma, first describes by James Ewing, is an aggressive type of bone and soft tissue cancer that occurs mainly in children and young people. Ewing's sarcoma is the second most common type of bone cancer in children and young adults. It occurs mainly in adolescents between the ages of 10 and 20. Only about 1% of cases occur in adults over the age of 40. Despite its rarity in older populations, Ewing’s sarcoma is a critical diagnosis to consider in adults with persistent bone pain or unusual soft-tissue masses. Ewing's sarcoma accounts for about 2% of childhood cancers and can occur in any part of the body, but most often affects the pelvis and the proximal sections of long tubular bones.
##submission.citations##
1. “Incidence of Ewing sarcoma” Balamuth NJ, Womer RB.Lancet Oncol. 2010 Feb;11(2):184-92. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70286-4.PMID: 20152770.[ PubMed]
2. Riggi N, Stamenkovic I. The Biology of Ewing sarcoma. Cancer Lett. 2007 Aug 28;254(1):1-10. [PubMed]
3. “Why Ewing sarcoma common in adolescents” Seren Durer; David P. Gasalberti; Hira Shaikh. Last Update: January 8, 2024.[ PubMed]
4. “Morphological changes in Ewing sarcoma” from the book named Cancer principles and practice on oncology 6th edition by Vincent T. De Vita, Jr. Samuel Hellman, Steven A. Rosenberg pg. 2194, 2195
5. “Cause of Ewing sarcoma” from the book named Cancer principles and practice on oncology 6th edition by Vincent T. De Vita, Jr. Samuel Hellman, Steven A. Rosenberg pg. 2165, 2193.
6. “How it spread throughout the body” Biermann JS, Chow W, Reed DR, Lucas D, Adkins DR, Agulnik M, Benjamin RS, Brigman B, Budd GT, Curry WT, Didwania A, Fabbri N, Hornicek FJ, Kuechle JB, Lindskog D, Mayerson J, McGarry SV, Million L, Morris CD, Movva S, O'Donnell RJ, Randall RL, Rose P, Santana VM, Satcher RL, Schwartz H, Siegel HJ, Thornton K, Villalobos V, Bergman MA, Scavone JL. NCCN Guidelines Insights: Bone Cancer, Version 2.2017. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2017 Feb;15(2):155-167. [PubMed]
7. Shing DC, McMullan DJ, Roberts P, et al. FUS/ERG gene fusions in Ewing’s tumors. Cancer Res 2003; 63: 4568-76. [PubMed]
8. Lynch AD, Gani F, Meyer CF, Morris CD, Ahuja N, Johnston FM. Extraskeletal versus skeletal Ewing sarcoma in the adult population: controversies in care. Surg Oncol 2018;27:373-9. [PubMed]
9. Balamuth NJ, Womer RB. Ewing's sarcoma. Lancet Oncology. 2010; 11(2):184-192.
10. Casali PG, Bielack S, Abecassis N, et al. Ewing's sarcoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines. Annals of Oncology. 2018; 29(Supplement 4)
11. Gaspar N, Hawkins DS, Dirksen U, et al. Ewing Sarcoma: Current Management and Future Approaches Through Collaboration. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2015; 33(27):3036-3046.
12. Leavey PJ, Collier AB. Ewing's Sarcoma in adults. Current Treatment Options in Oncology. 2008; 9(4):372-380.
