PATHOGENESIS OF GENITAL PROLAPSE IN PERI- AND POSTMENOPAUSE (LITERATURE REVIEW)
##semicolon##
Keywords: prolapse, estrogen, estriol, estradiol, perimenopause, menopause, microflora, lactobacillus, pelvic floor muscles, dyspareunia, anorgasmia.##article.abstract##
Annotation. Despite the widespread prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse, the pathophysiology and natural process of development of this disease are poorly understood. Extensive epidemiological studies have shown that vaginal delivery and aging associated with hypoestrogenism are the main factors in the development of genital prolapse. Genital prolapse is mainly an oestrogen-dependent disease.
##submission.citations##
1. Chushkov Y.V., Kuznetsova I.V., Ishchenko A.I. Role of local use of estriol in optimising outcomes of surgical treatment of genital prolapse in peri- and postmenopausal patients. // Effective Pharmacotherapy. Obstetrics and Gynaecology - 2021. - № 1-2 (19)
2. Manukhin I.B., Tumilovich L.G., Gevorkyan M.A., Manukhina E.I. Gynaecological endocrinology. Clinical Lectures. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2017.
3. Podzolkova N.M., Kuznetsova I.V., Korenaya V.V.. Hormonal therapy in peri- and postmenopause. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2013.
4. Ermakova E.I. Genitourinary menopausal syndrome: diagnosis and principles of treatment. Medical Council. 2019;(13):106–111. https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2019-13-106-111. https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2019-13-106-111.
5. Eprikyan E.G., Yureneva S.V., Ermakova E.I. et al. Genitourinary menopausal syndrome: optimisation of therapy for vaginal symptoms. Gynaecology. 2018; 20 (3): 52-56.
6. P.V. Kozlov, Y.E. Dobrohotova, I.Y. Ilyina. "Modern approaches to drug correction of genitourinary menopausal syndrome". Recommendations on the management of patients. DOI: 10.24412/2071-5315-2021-12331 Russia, Moscow.
7. Genital prolapse / Buyanova SN, Shchukina NA, Zubova ES, et al. // Russian Messenger of Obstetrician-Gynaecologist. - 2017. - Т. 17, № 1. - С. 37-45.
8. Violation of the function of holding intestinal contents in patients with genital prolapse / Shelygin Yu.A., Popov AA, Fomenko O.Yu. et al. // Russian Messenger of Obstetrician-Gynaecologist. - 2018. - Т. 18, № 6. - С. 62-66
9. Salimova LYa, Shalaev ON, Parsadanyan SA. Diagnostic significance of edditional instrumental methods of examination of patients with pelvic organ prolapse. Bulletin of Peoples' Friendship University. Series "Medicine. Obstetrics and Gynecology", 2018, 5: 164-169.
10. Nappi R. E., Cucinella L., Martini E., Rossi M., Tiranini L., Martella S., Bosoni D., Cassani C.. Sexuality in premature ovarian insufficiency // Climacteric. 2019. V. 22. Р. 289-295.
11. Miller V. M. M., Kling J. M., Files J. A., Joyner M. J., Kapoor E., Moyer A. M. et al. What's in a name: are menopausal ''hot flashes'' a symptom of menopause or a manifestation of neurovascular dysregulation? // Menopause. 2018; 25 (6): 700-703.
12. Good M.M., Solomon E.R. Pelvic floor disorders. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2019; 46(3): 527–540, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ogc.2019.04.010.
13. Salvatore S., Benini V., Ruffolo A.F., Degliuomini R.S., Redaelli A., Casiraghi A., Candiani M.. Current challenges in the pharmacological management of genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2023;24(1):23-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2022.2152326.