ETIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND PREVALENCE OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS IN CHILDREN

Abstract

A child’s predisposition to allergic reactions, or sensitization, is often detected in the womb. Intrauterine sensitization of the fetus can be caused by maternal allergization before or during pregnancy (abuse of drugs, consumption of food products that cause allergies, chronic diseases of infectious-allergic origin, pathological course of pregnancy and childbirth). Often in children who are constitutionally predisposed to allergies, sensitization of the body is caused by irrational feeding. insufficiently justified and uncontrolled use of antibiotics, sulfonamides and other drugs. We set the task to analyze over 4 years (2020-2024) all cases of allergic reactions in children who went through the SamMU Children's Diseases Clinic, to identify the causes (etiological structure), the frequency of distribution and to outline ways to prevent unwanted exo- and endo-allergic effects on the body. 52 children with various types of allergic reactions were identified, of which 31 were boys and 21 were girls. There were 12 children aged from 1 month to a year, 16 from 1 to 3 years, 16 from 4 to 7 years, 8 from 8 to 14 years, i.e. allergic reactions were more common (28%) in young children. Manifestations of exudative-catarrhal diathesis were noted in 23 patients, lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis in 8, and hereditary allergic predisposition in 14. In 2 families, both parents suffered from bronchial asthma, in 6 - eczema. Consequently, allergic reactions were observed in 44 (84.6%) children with constitutional abnormalities and hereditary predisposition. In the ethnological structure, the first place was occupied by medicinal allegory - 50% of patients, then reaction to the bites of various insects - 25%, to food products - 15.4%; in 7.7% of cases the etiology of allergic reactions could not be established.