PROBLEM IN LEARNING ENGLISH FOR ADULT LEARNERS
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Key words: Cognitive challenge, memory and retention, pronunciation issues, psychological barriers, fear of failure, self-esteem issues, time constraints, Social and Environmental Factors, Shadowing Technique, Pronunciation Practice, Minimal Pairs Practice.##article.abstract##
ANNOTATION
Adult learners often face unique challenges when learning English due to factors
such as age, prior education, cognitive abilities, time constraints, and cultural
influences. Unlike children, adults have more developed cognitive structures, but they
may struggle with language acquisition due to reduced neuroplasticity, which can make
it harder to master new sounds, grammar, and vocabulary. Additionally, many adults
juggle language learning with work, family responsibilities, and other commitments,
limiting the time and energy they can devote to studying.
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References
1. Lightbown, P. M., & Spada, N. (2013). How Languages are Learned (4th ed.).
Oxford University Press.
2. Nunan, D. (2003). Practical English Language Teaching. McGraw-Hill.
3. Krashen, S. D. (1982). Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition.
Pergamon Press.
4. Cenoz, J. (2003). The role of age in second language acquisition. Language
Awareness, 12(2), 57–77.
5. Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences
in second language acquisition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
