DRUG ALLERGY IN CHILDREN
##semicolon##
Key words: Adverse drug reaction, Drug allergy, Drug hypersensitivity, Drug provocation testAbstrak
Abstact: The drug allergy “label” may have a lifetime of consequences for a child. Many children with alleged drug allergies are proven to be tolerant to the culprit medication when challenged. The field of drug hypersensitivity is a recently evolving field of research, but studies on its epidemiology and diagnostic tools are lacking in children. Clinical history is significant in the diagnosis and classification of drug hypersensitivity in children. Diagnostic tools have been evaluated in a limited number of children; therefore, the guidelines are mainly in line with those for adults. Here, we review the clinical characteristics, main drugs, risk factors, and diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity to aid in its accurate diagnosis in children.
##submission.citations##
References:
1. Impicciatore P, Choonara I, Clarkson A, Provasi D, Pandolfini C, Bonati
M. Incidence of adverse drug reactions in paediatric in/out¬patients:
a systematic review and meta¬analysis of prospective studies. Br J Clin
Pharmacol 2001;52:77¬83.
2. Vyles D, Chiu A, Simpson P, Nimmer M, Adams J, Brousseau DC.
Parent¬reported penicillin allergy symptoms in the Pediatric Emergency
Department. Acad Pediatr 2017;17:251¬5.
3. Smyth RM, Gargon E, Kirkham J, Cresswell L, Golder S, Smyth R, et
al. Adverse drug reactions in children¬¬a systematic review. PLoS One
2012;7:e24061.
4. Lee SI, Shin MH, Lee HB, Lee JS, Son BK, Koh YY, et al. Prevalences of
symptoms of asthma and other allergic diseases in korean children: a
nationwide questionnaire survey. J Korean Med Sci 2001;16:155¬64.
5. Rebelo Gomes E, Fonseca J, Araujo L, Demoly P. Drug allergy claims in
children: from self¬reporting to confirmed diagnosis. Clin Exp Allergy
2008;38:191¬8.
6. Erkoçoğlu M, Kaya A, Civelek E, Ozcan C, Cakır B, Akan A, et al. Prevalence of confirmed immediate type drug hypersensitivity reactions
among school children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013;24:160¬7.
7. Esposito S, Castellazzi L, Tagliabue C, Principi N. Allergy to antibiotics in
children: an overestimated problem. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016;48:
361¬6.
8. International drug monitoring: the role of national centres. Report of a
WHO meeting. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1972;498:1¬25.
9. Edwards IR, Aronson JK. Adverse drug reactions: definitions, diagnosis,
and management. Lancet 2000;356:1255¬9.
10. Demoly P, Adkinson NF, Brockow K, Castells M, Chiriac AM, Greenberger PA, et al. International Consensus on drug allergy. Allergy 2014;
69:420¬37.
11. Khan DA, Solensky R. Drug allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;125(2
Suppl 2):S126¬37.
12. Pichler WJ. Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions. Ann Intern Med
2003;139:683¬93.
13. Cohen AL, Budnitz DS, Weidenbach KN, Jernigan DB, Schroeder TJ,
Shehab N, et al. National surveillance of emergency department visits
for outpatient adverse drug events in children and adolescents. J Pediatr
2008;152:416¬21.
14. Lange L, Koningsbruggen SV, Rietschel E. Questionnaire¬based survey
of lifetime¬prevalence and character of allergic drug reactions in German
children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2008;19:634¬8.
15. Vezir E, Dibek Misirlioglu E, Civelek E, Capanoglu M, Guvenir H, Ginis
T, et al. Direct oral provocation tests in non¬immediate mild cutaneous
reactions related to beta¬lactam antibiotics. Pediatr Allergy Immunol
2016;27:50¬4.
16. Gomes ER, Brockow K, Kuyucu S, Saretta F, Mori F, Blanca¬Lopez N, et
al. Drug hypersensitivity in children: report from the pediatric task force
of the EAACI Drug Allergy Interest Group. Allergy 2016;71:149¬61.
17. Gamboa PM. The epidemiology of drug allergy¬related consultations in
www.e-cep.org https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.00675 209
Spanish Allergology services: Alergológica¬2005. J Investig Allergol Clin
Immunol 2009;19 Suppl 2:45¬50.
18. Rukasin CRF, Norton AE, Broyles AD. Pediatric drug hypersensitivity.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2019;19:11.
19. Bergmann M, Caubet JC. Specific aspects of drug hypersensitivity in
children. Curr Pharm Des 2016;22:6832¬51.
20. Gomes ER, Demoly P. Epidemiology of hypersensitivity drug reactions.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;5:309¬16.
21. Kim B, Kim SZ, Lee J, Jung AH, Jung SH, Hahn HJ, et al. Clinical profiles
of adverse drug reactions spontaneously reported at a single Korean
hospital dedicated to children with complex chronic conditions. PLoS
One 2017;12:e0172425.
22. Atanaskovic¬Markovic M, Gomes E, Cernadas JR, du Toit G, Kidon M,
Kuyucu S, et al. Diagnosis and management of drug¬induced anaphylaxis
in children: An EAACI position paper. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2019;
30:269¬76.
23. Lee SY, Ahn K, Kim J, Jang GC, Min TK, Yang HJ, et al. A multicenter
retrospective case study of anaphylaxis triggers by age in Korean children.
Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2016;8:535¬40.
24. Motosue MS, Bellolio MF, Van Houten HK, Shah ND, Campbell RL.
Increasing Emergency Department visits for anaphylaxis, 2005¬2014. J
Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2017;5:171¬5.
25. Dibek Misirlioglu E, Guvenir H, Bahceci S, Haktanir Abul M, Can D,
Usta Guc BE, et al. Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions in pediatric
patients: a multicenter study. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2017;5:757¬
63.
26. Duong TA, Valeyrie¬Allanore L, Wolkenstein P, Chosidow O. Severe
cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs. Lancet 2017;390:1996¬2011.
27. Oh HL, Kang DY, Kang HR, Kim S, Koh YI, Kim SH, et al. Severe
cutaneous adverse reactions in Korean pediatric patients: a study from the
Korea SCAR Registry. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2019;11:241¬53.
28. Park GM, Park JH, Jung JW, Han HW, Kim JY, Lee E, et al. Pediatric
adverse drug reactions collected by an electronic reporting system in a
single tertiary university hospital. Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2016;4:354¬
9.
29. Kim DW, Choi YC, Lee YS, Nam YH, Jung JA. Analysis of pediatric
adverse drug reactions reported to regional pharmacovigilance center of
a single university hospital. Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2018;6:263¬9.
30. Romano A, Caubet JC. Antibiotic allergies in children and adults: from
clinical symptoms to skin testing diagnosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract
2014;2:3¬12.
31. Norton AE, Konvinse K, Phillips EJ, Broyles AD. Antibiotic allergy in
pediatrics. Pediatrics 2018;141:e20172497.
32. Trubiano JA, Stone CA, Grayson ML, Urbancic K, Slavin MA, Thursky
KA, et al. The 3 Cs of antibiotic allergy¬classification, cross¬reactivity, and
collaboration. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2017;5:1532¬42.
33. Ibia EO, Schwartz RH, Wiedermann BL. Antibiotic rashes in children: a
survey in a private practice setting. Arch Dermatol 2000;136:849¬54.
34. Na HR, Lee JM, Jung JW, Lee SY. Usefulness of drug provocation tests in
children with a history of adverse drug reaction. Korean J Pediatr 2011;
54:304¬9.
35. Noh SR, Yoon J, Cho HJ, Song S, Park GM, Yu J, et al. Outcomes of drug
provocation tests in Korean children with suspected drug hypersensitivity
reaction. Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2018;6:26¬33.
36. Zagursky RJ, Pichichero ME. Cross¬reactivity inβ¬lactam allergy. J Allergy
Clin Immunol Pract 2018;6:72¬81.
37. Tonson la Tour A, Michelet M, Eigenmann PA, Caubet JC. Natural history
of benign nonimmediate allergy to beta¬lactams in children: a prospective
study in retreated patients after a positive and a negative provocation test.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2018;6:1321¬6.
38. Neubert A, Verhamme K, Murray ML, Picelli G, Hsia Y, Sen FE, et al. The
prescribing of analgesics and non¬steroidal anti¬inflammatory drugs in
paediatric primary care in the UK, Italy and the Netherlands. Pharmacol
Res 2010;62:243¬8.
39. Lesko SM, Mitchell AA. The safety of acetaminophen and ibuprofen
among children younger than two years old. Pediatrics 1999;104:e39.
40. Eustace N, O'Hare B. Use of nonsteroidal anti¬inflammatory drugs in
infants. A survey of members of the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists
of Great Britain and Ireland. Paediatr Anaesth 2007;17:464¬9.
41. Settipane RA, Constantine HP, Settipane GA. Aspirin intolerance and
recurrent urticaria in normal adults and children. Epidemiology and
review. Allergy 1980;35:149¬54.
42. Doña I, Blanca¬López N, Torres MJ, García¬Campos J, García¬Núñez I,
Gómez F, et al. Drug hypersensitivity reactions: response patterns, drug
involved, and temporal variations in a large series of patients. J Investig
Allergol Clin Immunol 2012;22:363¬71.
43. Guvenir H, Dibek Misirlioglu E, Capanoglu M, Buyuktiryaki B, Onay
ZR, Ginis T, et al. The frequency of nonsteroidal anti¬inflammatory drug
hypersensitivity in children with asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018;
176:26¬32.
44. Liew WK, Chiang WC, Goh AE, Lim HH, Chay OM, Chang S, et al.
Paediatric anaphylaxis in a Singaporean children cohort: changing food
allergy triggers over time. Asia Pac Allergy 2013;3:29¬34.
45. Gabrielli S, Clarke AE, Eisman H, Morris J, Joseph L, La Vieille S, et al.
Disparities in rate, triggers, and management in pediatric and adult cases
of suspected drug¬induced anaphylaxis in Canada. Immun Inflamm Dis
2018;6:3¬12.
46. Jares EJ, Baena¬Cagnani CE, Sánchez¬Borges M, Ensina LF, Arias¬Cruz A,
Gómez M, et al. Drug¬induced anaphylaxis in latin american countries. J
Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2015;3:780¬8.
47. Choi J, Lee JY, Kim KH, Choi J, Ahn K, Kim J. Evaluation of drug
provocation tests in Korean children: a single center experience. Asian Pac
J Allergy Immunol 2016;34:130¬6.
48. Stevenson DD, Sanchez¬Borges M, Szczeklik A. Classification of allergic
and pseudoallergic reactions to drugs that inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001;87:177¬80.
49. Kowalski ML, Asero R, Bavbek S, Blanca M, Blanca¬Lopez N, Bochenek
G, et al. Classification and practical approach to the diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti¬inflammatory drugs.
Allergy 2013;68:1219¬32.
50. Kidon M, Blanca¬Lopez N, Gomes E, Terreehorst I, Tanno L, Ponvert C,
et al. EAACI/ENDA position paper: diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity reactions to non¬steroidal anti¬inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
in children and adolescents. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2018;29:469¬80.
51. Sánchez¬Borges M, Capriles¬Behrens E, Caballero¬Fonseca F. Hypersensitivity to non¬steroidal anti¬inflammatory drugs in childhood. Pediatr
Allergy Immunol 2004;15:376¬80.
52. Corzo JL, Zambonino MA, Muñoz C, Mayorga C, Requena G, Urda A,
et al. Tolerance to COX¬2 inhibitors in children with hypersensitivity to
nonsteroidal anti¬inflammatory drugs. Br J Dermatol 2014;170:725¬9.
53. Kelso JM, Greenhawt MJ, Li JT, Nicklas RA, Bernstein DI, BlessingMoore J, et al. Adverse reactions to vaccines practice parameter 2012
update. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;130:25¬43.
54. McNeil MM, DeStefano F. Vaccine¬associated hypersensitivity. J Allergy
Clin Immunol 2018;141:463¬72.
55. Caubet JC, Ponvert C. Vaccine allergy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am
2014;34:597¬613.
